Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

民用飞机刹车系统CCAR 25.735条款适航研究

介绍了民用飞机适航规章CCAR-25-R4最新版并与前一版本R3版在刹车系统主条款25.735条进行对比分析，详细解释了R4版与R3版的不同之处及更改原因，阐述了R4版735条的详细要求，提供了刹车系统的适航思路及符合性方法建议。最后进行了小结并提出了下一步目标。     

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民机型号合格审定程序要求型号申请人通过系统性规划和实施型号研制过程,向局方提出正确、完整和可追溯的适航符合性证据,用"设计保证"确保产品符合适航规章要求。基于系统工程中"双V模型"(ValidationVerification,简称"双V模型")理论,以"研制规划保证回路"和"研制过程回路"为两条核心路径,辨识了证据体系与构型管理、民机系统研制过程及型号合格审定过程之间的接口关系,以飞机、系统和设备层级下的构型项目类型为框架,提出了以"规划保证"、"需求定义"、"逻辑/物理方案实现"、"确认数据"和"验证数据"五个维度构成的符合性证据体系,明确了证据链数据间的传递关系。